Acid Rain

Compounds emitted by smokestakes, vehicles and aircraft are deposited by rain, destroying the environment and corroding even stone and metal.

Antimatter

Each particle has a opposite form, its anti-particle, a discovery that has had wide-ranging effects

Archaea: The Third Domain

Biologists disputed the classification of "extremophiles" for 20 years, despite the evidence.

Asbestos

a fiber valued for its many practical applications has a long history of deadly impact

Atom

The concept that all matter is composed of an invisible but fundamental entity was resisted for a very long time.

Big Bang

A theory we acept today was originally rejected by most physicists

Black Holes

Proof that massive stars would form black holes was rejected because of bias.

Climate Change

The undeniable facts of the human impact on global climate are still being resisted

Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics

The explanation for the geological relationship between continents was originally heresy

DDT Poisoning

A poison that was initially considered a solution to disease-bearing insects and harmless to humans and animals became lethal

Dark Matter

We think of "matter" as stuff made of atoms. That kind of matter is an insignificant amount . Something like 84 percent of the matter in the universe is invisible and unidentifiable "dark matter."

Earth's True Age

The evidence for a 4-billion-years-old Earth was a serious contradiction of the widely held Biblical view

Elements

The origin of the heavy elements was not understood until the 1950s

Evolution

One of the greatest scientific breakthroughs of all time still meets resistance today

Fractal Geometry

A concept that was originally treated with skeptism is widely accepted today

Germs and Disease

The notion that invisible organisms cause disease was very difficult to accept

Glacial Moraines

Evidence for ancient glaciers and their rocky deposits conflicted with the 18th century's Biblical perspective

Lightning as Electricity

What is so obvious to us was not understood until Ben Franklin's famous 1752 demonstration.

Meteorite Vaporization

Geologists did not understand that massive meteorites could vaporize on impact

Neutrino

The idea of neutrinos was originally dismissed as "too remote from reality"

Neutron Stars

Even the great Thomas Gold could not convince a leading science organization to consider neutron stars

Ozone Hole

Evidence for destruction of the ozone hole was rejected for decades

Photon as Particle and Wave

The unexpected and unlikely nature of the photon was hard to believe

Spectral Analysis

The correct interpretation of light spectra from stars was presented by a young researcher whose evidence was initially rejected.

Stars as Independent Worlds

Bruno was burned at the stake for asserting that the Sun was one of countless stars in an infinite universe

Symbiogenesis

Lynn Margulis's theory of how microbe combinations led to complex cells in evolution was rejected by the scientific establishment for years.